We collected muscle spindle spike trains across a variety of muscle stretch kinematic conditions, including systematic changes in peak length, velocity, and acceleration. These include acceleration-dependent initial bursts, increased dynamic response to stretch velocity if a muscle has been isometric, and rate relaxation, i.e., a decrease in tonic IFR when a muscle is held at a constant length after being stretched. However, even in passive muscle, there are history-dependent transients of muscle spindle firing that are not uniquely related to muscle length and velocity, nor reproduced by current muscle spindle models. electrically-quiescent, muscles, the instantaneous firing rates (IFRs) of muscle spindles are associated with characteristics of stretch such as length and velocity. During externally-imposed stretches of passive, i.e. I'm crazy about cars.Muscle spindle proprioceptive receptors play a primary role in encoding the effects of external mechanical perturbations to the body.
MUSCLE SPINDLE DRIVER
We should not forget driver engagement and responsive communication between the driver and car. "Akio Toyoda more than anything wants to create cars that are fun to drive,” he says. The most authentic car companies reflect the personalities of the people at the top. In 2024 we will move the Lexus global HQ there – designers, planners, development engineers, marketers, everyone. "At Shimoyama we have our own mini-Nurburgring. In an effort to give Lexus more identity, it's getting its own HQ, in the middle of an amazing new complex of test tracks in a mountainous region near Shimoyama. Since it started in 1989, Lexus design and engineers, as well as the marketing operation, have existed inside the Toyota monolith. That goes for customising the driving experience too, the dynamics and taste of the drivetrain."
MUSCLE SPINDLE SOFTWARE
Combined with our new software this will be ever better, and we will improve the car during its life. They're like a concierge for each individual. That is a Lexus value outstanding customer service via the dealers has always been one of our strengths. "We think luxury means diversity, a personal luxury for each customer. They look more intelligent, more intuitive, and the driver feels more connected to the car."Ĭustomisation via software will go to the heart of the cars. "But most of all it's important for the cars to look cool.
They can be more aerodynamic, and with a lower centre of gravity too. I see the transition to EVs will herald a really big change in Lexus design. The performance of EVs isn't just determined by battery capacity, but also by the simple body structure they can enable. Call it 'spindle body' more than spindle grille. But in the EV age, we are looking at different ways of expressing the spindle motif. In the age of the radiator you needed a radiator grille. The formerly vast Lexus 'spindle' grille has indeed gone. It all starts with the design of the car, but you can use active aerodynamic surfaces as well." The second is dynamics, controlling the posture of the car body.
The first is drag, and that lets you reduce battery weight.
The third is chassis control." That means among others variable-ratio steer-by-wire (notoriously hard to get right) and torque vectoring. But how is he going to do it? "Three things are really important in developing fun electric vehicles.
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